{
  "urn": "urn:us-la:civcode:art:1848",
  "article_number": "1848",
  "heading": "Testimonial or other evidence not admitted to disprove a writing",
  "text": "Testimonial or other evidence may not be admitted to negate or vary the contents of an authentic act or an act under private signature. Nevertheless, in the interest of justice, that evidence may be admitted to prove such circumstances as a vice of consent or to prove that the written act was modified by a subsequent and valid oral agreement.",
  "status": "active",
  "hierarchy_path": [
    {
      "level": "book",
      "number": "III",
      "name": "Of the Different Modes of Acquiring the Ownership of Things"
    },
    {
      "level": "title",
      "number": "III",
      "name": "Obligations in General"
    },
    {
      "level": "chapter",
      "number": "5",
      "name": "Proof of Obligations"
    }
  ],
  "breadcrumb": "Book III › Title III › Chapter 5",
  "acts_citations": [
    {
      "act_year": 1984,
      "act_number": 331,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": "1985-01-01",
      "effective_date_raw": "Jan. 1, 1985",
      "role": "enactment"
    },
    {
      "act_year": 2012,
      "act_number": 277,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": null,
      "effective_date_raw": null,
      "role": "amendment"
    }
  ],
  "acts_citations_raw": "Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.",
  "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=109088",
  "website_law_id": 109088,
  "scrape_timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:10:29Z",
  "source_html_hash": "sha256:0712eee3e4bc03391728f4b4af111d8234e384471a49318f07068781ba96ae59",
  "schema_version": "1.0.0"
}