{
  "urn": "urn:us-la:civcode:art:1849",
  "article_number": "1849",
  "heading": "Proof of simulation",
  "text": "In all cases, testimonial or other evidence may be admitted to prove the existence or a presumption of a simulation or to rebut such a presumption. Nevertheless, between the parties, a counterletter is required to prove that an act purporting to transfer immovable property is an absolute simulation, except when a simulation is presumed or as necessary to protect the rights of forced heirs.",
  "status": "active",
  "hierarchy_path": [
    {
      "level": "book",
      "number": "III",
      "name": "Of the Different Modes of Acquiring the Ownership of Things"
    },
    {
      "level": "title",
      "number": "III",
      "name": "Obligations in General"
    },
    {
      "level": "chapter",
      "number": "5",
      "name": "Proof of Obligations"
    }
  ],
  "breadcrumb": "Book III › Title III › Chapter 5",
  "acts_citations": [
    {
      "act_year": 2012,
      "act_number": 277,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": null,
      "effective_date_raw": null,
      "role": "enactment"
    }
  ],
  "acts_citations_raw": "Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.",
  "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=109089",
  "website_law_id": 109089,
  "scrape_timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:10:30Z",
  "source_html_hash": "sha256:e0050fbe83eac82e4d518fe0e2e21458c6483de607b87003c1732bde572aaee5",
  "schema_version": "1.0.0"
}