---
urn: "urn:us-la:civcode:art:1849"
article_number: "1849"
status: active
heading: "Proof of simulation"
breadcrumb: "Book III › Title III › Chapter 5"
source_url: "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=109089"
acts_citations_raw: "Acts 2012, No. 277, §1."
acts_citations:
  - act_year: 2012
    act_number: 277
    section: 1
    role: enactment
schema_version: "1.0.0"
---

# Art. 1849. Proof of simulation

In all cases, testimonial or other evidence may be admitted to prove the existence or a presumption of a simulation or to rebut such a presumption. Nevertheless, between the parties, a counterletter is required to prove that an act purporting to transfer immovable property is an absolute simulation, except when a simulation is presumed or as necessary to protect the rights of forced heirs.