{
  "urn": "urn:us-la:civcode:art:2028",
  "article_number": "2028",
  "heading": "Effects as to third persons",
  "text": "Any simulation, either absolute or relative, may have effects as to third persons.\n\nCounterletters can have no effects against third persons in good faith. Nevertheless, if the counterletter involves immovable property, the principles of recordation apply with respect to third persons.",
  "status": "active",
  "hierarchy_path": [
    {
      "level": "book",
      "number": "III",
      "name": "Of the Different Modes of Acquiring the Ownership of Things"
    },
    {
      "level": "title",
      "number": "IV",
      "name": "Conventional Obligations or Contracts"
    },
    {
      "level": "chapter",
      "number": "10",
      "name": "Simulation"
    }
  ],
  "breadcrumb": "Book III › Title IV › Chapter 10",
  "acts_citations": [
    {
      "act_year": 1984,
      "act_number": 331,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": "1985-01-01",
      "effective_date_raw": "Jan. 1, 1985",
      "role": "enactment"
    },
    {
      "act_year": 2012,
      "act_number": 277,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": null,
      "effective_date_raw": null,
      "role": "amendment"
    }
  ],
  "acts_citations_raw": "Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.",
  "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=109286",
  "website_law_id": 109286,
  "scrape_timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:11:43Z",
  "source_html_hash": "sha256:b3764c7e3ecaeb12f942570a9333c1529152c54d7b9ecc269ad76697fb9b62a8",
  "schema_version": "1.0.0"
}