{
  "urn": "urn:us-la:rs:9:408",
  "title_number": "9",
  "section_number": "408",
  "citation": "R.S. 9:408",
  "heading": "Filiation and paternity proceeding; parties",
  "text": "The child's mother, any man who would be presumed to be the father under Civil Code Article 185, and the biological father, if known, shall be joined in a filiation or paternity proceeding, except that joinder is not required of a person whose parental rights have been terminated, or who is deceased, or whose joinder is determined otherwise not to be feasible.",
  "status": "active",
  "hierarchy_path": [
    {
      "level": "title",
      "number": "9",
      "name": "CIVIL CODE--ANCILLARIES"
    },
    {
      "level": "code_preliminary_title",
      "number": "1",
      "name": "[BLANK]"
    },
    {
      "level": "code_book",
      "number": "I",
      "name": "OF PERSONS"
    },
    {
      "level": "code_title",
      "number": "VII",
      "name": "PARENT AND CHILD"
    },
    {
      "level": "chapter",
      "number": "1",
      "name": "CHILDREN"
    },
    {
      "level": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "name": "FILIATION"
    }
  ],
  "breadcrumb": "Title 9 › Code Preliminary Title › Code Book I › Code Title VII › Chapter 1 › Part II",
  "acts_citations": [
    {
      "act_year": 2016,
      "act_number": 309,
      "section": 2,
      "effective_date": null,
      "effective_date_raw": null,
      "role": "enactment"
    },
    {
      "act_year": 2020,
      "act_number": 266,
      "section": 1,
      "effective_date": null,
      "effective_date_raw": null,
      "role": "amendment"
    }
  ],
  "acts_citations_raw": "Acts 2016, No. 309, §2; Acts 2020, No. 266, §1.",
  "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1015722",
  "website_law_id": 1015722,
  "scrape_timestamp": "2026-05-22T23:55:19Z",
  "source_html_hash": "sha256:fbf2e9500dd51cbc9bf96c13cd785be2f5cee631b34b87667aa8042cb8c8c6ed",
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